If you want to use latest libraries you need to upgrade the version of python to 3.12 or 3.13. Many libraries follow more or less Scientific Python - SPEC 0 — Minimum Supported Dependencies regarding versions to support. We loosely do at ArviZ, but NumPy and SciPy also follow them, and quite closely in their case. For example, latest SciPy is 1.16 which requires python>=3.11.
Otherwise you’ll need to add some upper pins to some packages in order to keep things aligned. Backward compatibility checks are not very extensive in general in python world, so the best bet is to use versions that were released around the same time. If you have arviz 0.17.1 which is from March 2024, so the main testing happened with scipy 1.12 (which seems to be the one you have already, I assume because you added a <1.13 pin on it), released in late January 2024