How to obtain the posterior probability of 2D distribution?

You could use a copula but they are quite difficult to work with. I would suggest just starting with a multivariate normal.

For regularization you can use a Laplace prior (which strong peaks on zero), or some flavor of regularization prior. I like the continuous spike-and-slab proposed here that seems to work better with NUTS than traditional choices like horseshoe. Example here (check the last 2 sections).