ah I see! You were putting the shape[0] in the wrong place, it should always go on the line where you add observed. You still need to give the actual y_data to pmb.BART, which was the source of your error (it was looking for data but found an integer (the shape)).
From this discussion, it looks like you can then just proceed as normal, without worrying about the Y data. Make your X data mutable, put X.shape[0] in the observed part, sample, set_data, sample_posterior_predictive.